John Cockcroft Γενέθλια, Ημερομηνία Γέννησης

John Cockcroft

Sir John Douglas Cockcroft (27 May 1897 – 18 September 1967) was a British experimental physicist who shared the 1951 Nobel Prize in Physics with Ernest Walton for their splitting of the atomic nucleus, which was instrumental in the development of nuclear power.

After service on the Western Front with the Royal Field Artillery during the Great War, Cockcroft studied electrical engineering at Manchester Municipal College of Technology whilst he was an apprentice at Metropolitan Vickers Trafford Park and was also a member of their research staff. He then won a scholarship to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he sat the tripos exam in June 1924, becoming a wrangler. Ernest Rutherford accepted Cockcroft as a research student at the Cavendish Laboratory, and Cockcroft completed his doctorate under Rutherford's supervision in 1928. With Walton and Mark Oliphant, he built what became known as a Cockcroft–Walton generator. Cockcroft and Walton used this to perform the first artificial disintegration of an atomic nucleus, a feat popularly known as splitting the atom.

During the Second World War, Cockcroft became Assistant Director of Scientific Research in the Ministry of Supply, working on radar. He was also a member of the committee formed to handle issues arising from the Frisch–Peierls memorandum, which calculated that an atomic bomb could be technically feasible, and of the MAUD Committee which succeeded it. In 1940, as part of the Tizard Mission, he shared British technology with his counterparts in the United States. Later in the war, the fruits of the Tizard Mission came back to Britain in the form of the SCR-584 radar set and the proximity fuze, which were used to help defeat the V-1 flying bomb. In May 1944, he became director of the Montreal Laboratory, and oversaw the development of the ZEEP and NRX reactors, and the creation of the Chalk River Laboratories.

After the war Cockcroft became the director of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE) at Harwell, where the low-powered, graphite-moderated GLEEP became the first nuclear reactor to operate in western Europe when it was started on 15 August 1947. This was followed by the British Experimental Pile 0 (BEPO) in 1948. Harwell was involved in the design of the reactors and the chemical separation plant at Windscale. Under his direction it took part in frontier fusion research, including the ZETA program. His insistence that the chimney stacks of the Windscale reactors be fitted with filters was mocked as Cockcroft's Folly until the core of one of the reactors ignited and released radionuclides during the Windscale fire of 1957.

From 1959 to 1967, he was the first Master of Churchill College, Cambridge. He was also the Chancellor of the Australian National University in Canberra from 1961 to 1965.

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Γενέθλια, Ημερομηνία Γέννησης
Πέμπτη 27 Μαΐου 1897
Τόπος γέννησης
Τοντμόρντεν
Ηλικία
128
Ζώδιο
♊

Το 27 Μαΐου 1897 ήταν Πέμπτη κάτω από το σύμβολο του αστεριού του ♊. Ήταν η 146 ημέρα του χρόνου. Πρόεδρος των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών ήταν ο William McKinley.

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Μερικά άτομα που μοιράζονται αυτά τα γενέθλια:

27th of May 1897 News

Ειδήσεις όπως εμφανίστηκαν στην πρώτη σελίδα των New York Times στο 27 Μαΐου 1897

NO TROUBLE IN ZANZIBAR.; Arabs Submit to Abolition of Slavery -- No Suffering Results.

Date: 28 May 1897

Slavery; Order Abolishing Disregarded

Full Article

NEWS FOR THE WHEELMEN.; The Question of Providing for the Cyclists on Brooklyn Bridge When Trolley Cars Run.

Date: 28 May 1897

Full Article

PRESBYTERIAN ASSEMBLY.; Dr. Hathaway Speaks at Eagle Lake on the American Sabbath -- Next Assembly at Winona.

Date: 28 May 1897

Disappearance After Elopement

Full Article

BURIED GOLD IN FLORIDA; Alleged Recovery of $45,000 in Old Spanish Doubloons on Amelia Island, Near Fernandina. PROFITS OF A KEEN NEGRO Stole Charts and Money and Fled to New York, Followed by His White Partner -- A Local Lawyer Outwitted.

Date: 28 May 1897

Gold Found on Amelia Island

Full Article

NEWS OF THE RAILROADS; Final Amendments to the Foraker Pooling Bill Practically Agreed Upon. CHANDLER IN OPPOSITION The Bill May Be Reported Next Week -- Nature of Some of the Most Important Amendments.

Date: 28 May 1897

Full Article

FINED FOR STEALING A CENT.; A Chicago Man Pays $10 for Taking a Penny from a Newsstand.

Date: 27 May 1897

Full Article

NEWS FOR THE WHEELMEN; Mexican Bicyclists Organize on the Lines of the L.A.W. and Recognize Its Decisions. LAX VIEWS OF AMATEURISM The Past is Obliterated So Far As Racing for Cash Is Involved, but California Men Who Raced on Sundays are Excluded.

Date: 27 May 1897

Full Article

NEWS OF THE RAILROADS.; Rider to the Tariff Bill Prepared by Senator Chandler -- This Will Block the Pooling Bill.

Date: 27 May 1897

Railroads Rate Pool; Amendment to Prevent Introduced by Senator Chandler

Full Article

THE FINANCIAL MARKETS

Date: 27 May 1897

Southern Business Conditions

Full Article

Date:

Full Article